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The Nation's Capital 



BY 

JAMES BRYCE, O. M. 

Ambassador to the United States from Great Britain 



"All these considerations make one feel how 
great are the opportunities here offered to you for 
the further adornment and beautification of this 
city. Nature has done so much, and you have, 
yourselves, already done so much that you are 
called upon to do more. You have such a chance 
offered to you here for building up a superb 
capital that it would be almost an act of ingrati- 
tude to Providence and to history and to the men 
who planted the city here if you did not use 
the advantages that you here enjoy." — Bryce. 



Copyright, 1913, by 
The Committee of One Hundred on the 
Future Development of Washington, D. C. 



PRICE $1.00 

WASHINGTON, D. C. 

BYRON S. ADAMS 

19 13 








WEST FRONT OF TREASURY BUILDING. LOOKING SOUTH 



©aA3fill27 



CONTENTS 

Introduction W. P. STAFFORD 

Address JAMES BRYCE 




Editor 
GLENN BROWN 



Illustrations with titles by 
A. G. ROBINSON 



AN ADDRESS 

BY 

JAMES BRYCE, O. M. 

With an Introductory Address by Mr. Justice Wendell 

Phillips Stafford, of the Supreme Court 

of the District of Columbia 



DELIVERED BEFORE THE COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDRED ON 
THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF WASHINGTON AT THE RESI- 
DENCE OF ARTHUR JEFFREY PARSONS, Esq., FEBRUARY 27. 1913 




GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY 



INTRODUCTION OF 
AMBASSADOR BRYCE 

BY 

MR. JUSTICE WENDELL PHILLIPS STAFFORD 




" Through the leafy aisles and arches green." — F. W. Faber. 



INTRODUCTION 

BY 

MR. JUSTICE WENDELL PHILLIPS STAFFORD 

5}ELL0W MEMBERS and Guests of the 
Committee of One Hundred: I am 
not here to introduce the distm- 
guished speaker, for he is far better 
known to you than I, but to perform 
as best I may the task, at once tempt- 
p| ing and difficult, of saying a few 
words by way of preface to the 
real address of the evening, which 
we have all come to hear. 

After nine years in Washington, 
I find that my love and admira- 
tion for this inspiring city, which I 
brought with me when I came, have grown deeper and more 
rich, and that my hopes and wishes for its future have taken 
larger and more definite outline as I have come to see more 
clearly what the national capital may one day be. This ideal 
which has already fashioned itself in my own mind I offer 
you — not because it is mine, but because I venture to think 
it may be much the same as that of multitudes of others, and 
for that reason entitled to attention and respect. 

The capital of a nation, though it may lie, as ours does, 
at the level of the sea, must be in a very true sense, a city that 
is set on a hill and which cannot be hid. In the nature of 
things, it draws to itself the eyes not only of its own people, 
but, if it be the capital of a great nation, as ours is, the eyes 




1] 




" The yellow harvests of the ripened \iear. " — The Iliad. 

of the whole world. If the national domain be vast in extent, 
belting a continent, embracing different zones, revealing almost 
every variety of climate and production, with corresponding 
differences in ways of life and material interests, while at the 
same time it is one by virtue of a common national spirit and 
ideal, these facts will only make more impressive, as they cer- 
tainly will make more necessary, that sentiment of awe and 
majesty that should surround and invest the seat of govern- 
mental power. And if this magnificent domain be the home 
of nearly half a hundred separate republics, each having its 
own history and traditions, its own pride of place, subordinate 
only to those of the nation — not a few of them great enough 
in individual wealth and power to constitute nations by them- 
selves, and having each its own capital, often beautiful and 
beloved — then it is all the more essential that this CAPITAL 



[1- 



OF CAPITALS should be no mean city, but worthy in every 
respect to dominate them all. 

The natural sentiment of men in these conditions will tend 
to make reverend and august the capital of such a country, 
wherever it may be placed and whatever its separate history 
may have been. But if in fact it be almost coeval with the 
Republic itself, if it have been founded by the idolized Father 
of his Country and bear his name, if it have been for upwards 
of a century the scene of historic events that have determined 
the fate of the nation, if it swarm with memories of statesmen 
and heroes and martyrs, if no one can look upon it without 
recalling a Titanic struggle for its possession which marshaled 
men by the million, sprinkled the whole land with blood, and 
finally gave that land, as Lincoln declared, "a new birth of 
freedom," then I say it may well be, and surely must become, a 
Mecca for the feet of patriots as long as the nation shall endure. 

Whether we will it so or not, it will become a symbol — 
a symbol of the great Republic whose visible throne is here. 
For imagination is not dead and cannot die; and the way or 
men in all ages is to make symbols, and to cling to them when 
they are made. It is wisdom, then, to see that the symbol 
shall be worthy of the love and veneration it expresses, that 
it may in turn strengthen love and deepen veneration for the 
reality which it shadows forth. Who shall say that the multi- 
tudes that come and go shall not bear away in their bosoms a 
loftier conception of their country, a juster pride in its history, 
a firmer faith in its principles, a brighter hope for its future, 
and a more steadfast purpose to make that future what it ought 
to be, if they behold here a city which is the outward and 
visible sign of the inward and spiritual life of a free and ad- 
vancing people? Not a dollar is wasted that is carefully 

[13 1 




CANAL. NEAR CABIN JOHN 



devoted to that use. When you throw a noble bridge across 
this river it will be an arm to draw the South and North together. 
It will not only symbolize reunion, it will serve to make reunion 
surer and more lasting. For the masses of mankind learn by 
what they look upon even more than by what they hear or 
what they read. When they look upon that structure they 
will feel the impulse of the fraternal love that put it there. 
Their hearts will tell them what it means. It will need no 
inscription. They will see North and South clasping hands, in 
the shadow of Washington's monument and under the fatherly 
eyes of Lincoln, who loved and would have saved them both. 

To serve its highest purpose in this kind, the city, then, 
must be a work of art — not a loose gathering of various works 
of art, but one work. How can this be, without observance 
of the first principle of art — unity? Unity of ideal and unity 
of design — these we must have, unless we are to be satisfied 
with a mere collection of separate and inharmonious attempts. 
That is the idea, that is the truth, that has united us and called 
this Committee into being. Upon the success of our endeavors, 
or the endeavors of others inspired by the same principle, 
the success of the enterprise depends. To have some part, 
however small, in securing the realization of this ideal is a 
privilege and will be a joy and pride to us and to those who 
shall come after. 

And now, without longer standing between you and the 
pleasure you anticipate, I yield the floor to our most welcome 
guest, whose wide experience in other lands, whose knowledge 
of this country and appreciation of its institutions, together 
with his deep and generous interest in Washington itself, so 
eminently fit him to be our guide in such a field — Mr. Bryce. 
(Applause.) 

[15] 



■ 




'Hill, dale, and shad)} wood, and sunn\) plains, and liquid lapse of murmuring streams. " — John Milton. 



ADDRESS 

BY 

AMBASSADOR JAMES BRYCE 




ROCK CREEK 
The water runs svpi/tlu and there are ripples in the stream. " — Bryce. 



THE NATION'S CAPITAL 



By AMBASSADOR JAMES BRYCE 



R. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: 
My only excuse for being present and 
being bold enough to say a few 
words to you this evening is the de- 
sire expressed by a certain number 
of my friends who belong to your 
body, and some of whom I see here 
tonight, that I should give you the 
impressions of a visitor who, having 
seen something of the capitals of 
^^^^^^ other countries and having spent six 

IHHHHjj^^^^^^H happy and interesting years in Wash- 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\ ington, and having grown always 
more and more interested in your own plans for the adornment 
of Washington, may possibly be able to look at the matter 
from a somewhat different angle from that at which most of 
you have seen it. 

It is, I think, impossible for any one who speaks our 
common language, who is familiar with your institutions and 
history, who recognizes how much there is m common between 
us — your nation and mine — to live here without becoming for 
many purposes — morally and intellectually, and for practically 
all purposes except, of course, political purposes — a citizen 




19 



^ 




POTOMAC RIVER, ABOVE CHAIN BRIDGE 
"Murmuring over a rockv bed. " — Bryce. 

of the United States. That does not prevent him, I need hardly 
say, from remaining a patriotic citizen of his own country. He 
is exempt from the duty from which, indeed, you are all exempt 
in the District of Columbia — of casting a vote — and from the 
other duty of getting on the platform to give his political views 
to his fellow-countrymen; but in every other respect his resi- 
dence here gives him all the advantages which you have, in 
being able to follow the ins and outs of your politics and to 
appreciate the surprising changes which the whirligig of time 
brings about. 

Taking so keen an interest as I do in the welfare of the 
United States, I have often felt it somewhat difficult to refrain 
from offering advice which was not asked for. I trust that I 

[20] 



have always refrained, but in this particular case the observa- 
tions — I will not call them advice — the observations on the city 
of Washington and what can be done for it have been asked 
for, and if you find they are only what you knew before, do 
not altogether blame me, but lay it to the misjudgment of 
the too kind friends who have asked me to come upon the 
platform. 

It is impossible to live in Washington and not be struck 
by some peculiar features and some peculiar beauties which 
your city possesses. In the first place, its site has a great deal 
that is admirable and charming. There is rising ground inclo- 
sing on all sides a level space, and so making a beautiful; 
amphitheater, between hills that are rich with woods, which ini 




BELOW GREAT FALLS 
"A rocku bed between bold heights. "^Bryce. 



21 



1 




GREAT FALLS 

"No European cily has io noble a cataract in its Vicinity as the Great Falls of the Potomac, 
which you will, of course, alwa\s preserve." — Bryce. 

many places, thanks to the hard ancient rocks of this region, 
show bold faces and give much more striking effects than we 
can have m the soft, chalky or sandy hills which surround 
London. Underneath these hills and running like a silver 
thread through the middle of the valley is your admirable river. 
The Potomac has two kinds of beauty — the beauty of the upper 
stream, murmuring over a rocky bed between bold heights 
crowned with wood, and the beauty of the wide expanse, spread 
out like a lake below the city into a vast sheet of silver. 

Besides all this, you have behind Washington a charming 
country. I am sometimes surprised that so few of your resi- 
dents explore that country on foot. It is only on foot that you 

[22 1 



can appreciate its beauties, for some of the most attractive 
paths are too narrow and tangled for riding. On the north, 
east, and west sides of Washington, and to some extent on the 
south, or Virginia, side also, although there the difficulties of 
locomotion are greater on account of the heavy mud in the 
roads, the country is singularly charming, quite as beautiful as 
that which adjoins any of the great capital cities of Europe, 
except, of course, Constantinople, with its wonderful Bosphorus. 

No European city has so noble a cataract in its vicinity as 
the Great Falls of the Potomac, a magnificent piece of scenery 
which you will, of course, always preserve. 

Vienna has some picturesque country, hills and woods and 
rocks, within a distance of 25 or 30 miles. London also has 
very pleasing landscapes of a softer type within about that 
distance; but I know of no great city in Europe (except Con- 
stantinople) that has quite close, in its very environs, such 




GORGE BELOW GREAT FALLS 
"Between bold heighh crowned with trees." — Bryce. 

r23i 



1 



beautiful scenery as has Washington in Rock Creek Park and 
in many of the woods that stretch along the Potomac on the 
north and also on the south side, with the broad river in the 
center and richly wooded slopes descending boldly to it on 
each side. One may wander day after day in new walks all 
through these woods to the northwest and west of the city. 
One need never take the same walk twice, for there is an end- 
less variety of foot-paths, each with its own vistas of woodland 
beauty. 

Nor is Washington less charming in respect of its interior. 
I know of no city in which the trees seem to be so much a part 
of the city as Washington. Nothing can be more delightful 
than the views up and down the wider streets and avenues, 
especially those that look toward the setting sun or catch some 




POTOMAC RIVER 
'Spread out like a lake below the city into a vajt sheet of silver. " — Bryce. 

[24] 




The beauti) of a L>ide expanse. " — Bryce. 

glow of the evening light. Look southwestward down New 
Hampshire avenue, look northwestward up Connecticut avenue, 
or even westward along modest little N street, which passes the 
house where I live, and whose vista is closed by the graceful 
spire of Georgetown University, and you have the most charming 
sylvan views, and all this is so by reason of the taste and fore- 
thought of those who have administered the government of the 
city and who have planted various species of trees ; so that you 
have different kinds of sylvan views. When you want a fine, 
bold effect, what could be grander than 16th street, with its 
incline rising steeply to the north, and the hills of Virginia as the 
background, where it falls gently away to the south? There 
are few finer streets in any city. 

r25i 




POTOMAC RIVER 
'And siher mhile the river gleams. " — H. W. Longfellow. 



I do not mean to say that there are not many other capitals 
in this world to which Nature has been even more generous. 
You have not a beautiful arm of the sea at your doors, as has 
Constantinople, nor the magnificent mountains that surround the 
capitals of Rio Janeiro, or Santiago de Chile, nor such a bay, or 
rather land-locked gulf, as that of San Francisco, with its splen- 
did passage out to the ocean; but those are very rare things, 
of which there are few in the world. As capitals go, few, 
indeed, are so advantageously situated in respect to natural 
charms as is Washington. 

All these considerations make one feel how great are the 
opportunities here offered to you for the further adornment and 
beautification of this city. Nature has done so much, and you 
have, yourselves, already done so much that you are called upon 
to do more. You have such a chance offered to you here for 
building up a superb capital that it would be almost an act of 
ingratitude to Providence and to history and to the men who 
planted the city here if you did not use the advantages that you 
here enjoy. (Applause.) 

Perhaps you might like to hear a few remarks on some 
of the other great capitals of the world. Take Berlin. It 
stands in a sandy waste, perfectly flat, with here and there a 
swampy pond or lake, and a sluggish stream meanders through 
it. Parts of the environs have, however, been well planted 
with trees, and this redeems the city to some extent. The 
streets are now stately, adorned by many a noble building. It 
has become, through the efforts of the government and its own 
citizens, an imposing city ; but the environs can never be beau- 
tiful, because Nature has been very ungracious. 

Take St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg has a splendid water 
front facing its grand river, the Neva, with its vast rush of cold 

[271 




" There is an endless variety of fool-paths, each with its own vistas of leoodland beauty. " — Bryce. 



green water, covered with ice in winter and chilling the air, and 
seeming to chill the landscape in summer. That, however, is 
the only beauty St. Petersburg has. The country is flat and in 
many places water-logged, owing to numerous pools and 
swamps. It has no natural attraction either in its immediate or 
more distant environs, except the stream of Neva. 

Paris, again, has some agreeable landscapes within reach, 
but nothing at all striking, nothing nearly so fine in the lines of 
its scenery as the hills that inclose the valley in which Washing- 
ton lies, and no such charm of a still wild forest as Washington 
affords. The Seine, too, is a stream not to be compared to 
your Potomac. 

The same thing may be said of Madrid. It stands on a 
level, and the mountains are too distant to come effectively into 
the landscape, and its only water is a wretched little brooklet 
called the Manzanares. They tell a story there about a remark 
attributed to Alexandre Dumas when he visited Madrid. He 
was taken to the lofty bridge which spans the ravine at the 
bottom of which the rivulet flows. The day was hot and, being 
thirsty, he asked for a glass of water. They brought him the 
water, and he was about to drink, when looking down and 
catching sight of the streamlet, he said, "No, take it away; give 
it to that poor river; it needs a drink more than I do." 

Then there is our English London, which stands in a rather 
tame country. It is true that there are some charming bits of 
quiet and pretty rural scenery in Surrey and Sussex, within a 
distance of from 20 to 30 miles, and there are pleasing beech 
-woods covering the chalky hills of Bucks. Yet Nature has done 
nothing for London comparable to what she has done for Wash- 
ington. The Thames, although it fills up pretty well at high 

[29] 




'IV ho cares whither a foot-path leads? The charm is in the fool-path itself, 
its promise of something that the high-road cannot yield. " 

— Thomas W. Higginson. 



tide, is nowise comparable for volume or beauty of surround- 
ings to your own Potomac. 

These cities I have named have, however, something that 
you have not and cannot have for many a year to come. They 
are — and this applies especially to London and Paris — ancient 
cities. They have still, in spite of the destroying march of 
modern improvements, a certain number of picturesque build- 
ings, crooked old streets, stately churches, and spots hallowed 
by the names of famous men who were born there or died there 
or did their work there. You are still in the early days of 
your history and are only beginning to accumulate historic mem- 
ories which in four or five centuries will be rich and charged 
with meaning like those of European cities. 

But in every other respect you have in Washington advan- 




' Green minding walks and shady pathways sweet. " — Charles Lamb. 

[31] 







ROCK CREEK PARK 



tages which these European cities do not possess. If you want 
to make any. large street improvement in London or Paris it is 
a most costly business. The land is very dear. You cannot 
easily disturb the old lines of streets and the drains and water 
pipes and telephone lines that lie under them. Every improve- 
ment that has to be made in a city like London has to be made 
at a cost so heavy that where it is added to the necessary 
expenses of mamtammg modern appliances and carrying out 
sanitary regulations m an old city the cost is almost prohibitory. 
But here you have still plenty of space, and though the city is 
extending very fast on almost all sides, still, if you take fore- 
thought and consider your future, you can lay out the tracts 
over which Washington is beginning to spread in a way that 
will have results far more beautiful than are attainable in the 



Zl 



growing parts of London and Paris, where land is so expensive. 
London and Berlin and Paris are crowded and you are not yet 
crowded. You have still elbow room here to do what you 
want. 

You possess another great advantage in not being a large 
commercial or manufacturing city. If you had manufactures 
you would have tall chimneys and, as it seems impossible to 
enforce an anti-smoke law in a manufacturing city, you would 
have black smoke, which would spoil the appearance of your 
finer buildings, especially those constructed of limestone or 
sandstone, the soot clinging to them as it does now to West- 
minster Abbey and St. Paul's Cathedral in London. You would 
not have the same satisfaction in making things beautiful. A 
murky cloud would hang thick and dark over your city as it 
does over Pittsburgh and Chicago. Moreover, your streets 
would be overcrowded and difficulties of rapid transit would 
arise. With a much larger population, ideas of beauty would 
have to give way to those of commercial interests, whereas here 
the pressure of commerce is not such as to interfere with your 
ideals of beauty and convenience. 

With all these advantages before you in Washington, and 
with the bottomless purse of Uncle Sam behind you — I am 
coming presently to the use that Uncle Sam's representatives 
may make of his purse for your benefit, but in the meantime 
we may assume it is an inexhaustible purse, because we know 
how much money he is able to spend upon objects that are cer- 
tainly of no more importance than the beautification of Wash- 
ington — with all those advantages ready to your hand, what 
may you not make of Washington? What may you not make 
of a city which is dedicated entirely to politics and government 
and society? 

[33] 




" The wild delight of woodland ways. " — John G. Whittier. 



34 



Mr. Henry James, in one of his interesting and subtle 
studies of modern American life, called Washington the City of 
Conversation. That is a happy characterization, having regard 
not only to Congress and politics, but also to all the interesting 
talk that goes on here about science in the Cosmos Club, and 
elsewhere about many things that are neither scientific nor 
concerned with any kind of work. Washington is in a peculiar 
sense consecrated to society and to the lighter charms of life; 
in fact, to all these things which make the delight of human 
intercourse; and therefore it is especially fitting that it should 
be able to live without the continual intrusion of those mighty 
factors of modern life — industrial production and commercial 
exchange — which dominate most of the cities of this continent 
and indeed most of the great cities of the modern world. 
From all that in Washington you are free, and it is fortunate 
you are free, because you are able to make a city of a different 
kind, a city of a novel type, a city to which there will be nothing 
Hke in this country and hardly anything like in any other country. 

It was, we shall all agree, an act of wisdom on the part 
of the founders of the Republic when they determined to plant 
its capital in a place where there was not already a city and 
where there was no great likelihood that either commerce or 
industry conducted on a great scale would arise. It is true 
that one of the reasons assigned for choosing this spot was that 
here was the head of navigation on the Potomac, and that the 
spot would be a good commercial center for supplying the 
back country. Fortunately, that has not turned out to be so. 
The trade of Washington is not, and is not likely to be, a dis- 
turbing element. 

It was wise to have the Capital City, the seat of the legis- 
lative, executive, and judicial branches of the government, 

[351 




/ know of no city in which the trees seem to be so much a part of the city as 
iVashington. " — Bryce. 




NEW HAMPSHIRE AVENUE 
"Where a woven roof keeps the prying sun aloof." — E. C. Sledman. 

removed from the influences of an immense population. You 
are a great deal better here for the purposes of conducting 
your politics in a calm and deliberate, a thoughtful and a phil- 
osophic spirit than if you were in New York, Philadelphia, or 
Chicago. Your city, it is true, is large and growing larger, but 
it is not likely to be the home of any vast, excitable, industrial 
population such as is growing up in these other cities. It is not 
receiving those crowds of immigrants which are making New 
York, Chicago, and, to a less extent, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Mil- 
waukee and St. Louis almost as much foreign as American. 

In these circumstances, may not the city of Washington 
feel that its mission in life is to be the embodiment of the 
majesty and the stateliness of the whole nation ; to be, as was 
well said by the previous speaker, a capital of capitals, a capital 

[37] 



of the whole nation, overtopping the capitals of the several 
States as much as the nation overtops those States, representing 
all that is finest in American conception, all that is largest and 
most luminous in American thought, embodying the nation's 
ideal of what the capital of such a nation should be. This it 
should accomplish partly by the stateliness and number and 
local disposition of its edifices; but above all by their beauty. 
What one desires is that this Capital City should represent the 
highest aspirations as to external dignity and beauty that a great 
people can form for that which is the center and focus of their 
national life, and there is in the effort to do this here nothing 
to disparage the greatness of other American cities which have 
much larger populations and larger pecuniary resources. 

Paris is the most striking instance in the modern world of 




THE DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION BUILDING 



38 



a capital that has exercised a powerful influence on a great 
country. Some have thought its influence was too great, for it 
used to be the home not only of art, but also of revolution. 
Paris sometimes assumed for all France the right of saying what 
form of government France should have and who should hold 
the reins of power; but notwithstanding that, we must not 
ignore the great things Paris has done for France. In polishing 
the language, in forming a brilliant type of social life, and in 
being the center of the literary and artistic culture which has 
been radiated out over the whole country, Paris has done won- 
ders. But an even more striking instance of what a city can do 
is to be found in the' ancient world; it is the instance of 
Athens. You all remember that wonderful speech in which the 
greatest of Athenian statesmen described what his city did for 
Greece, not only for the narrow territory of Attica, but for the 
whole of Greece. He showed how his city had made itself the 
finest embodiment of the Hellenic spirit. The highest creative 
talent in literature and art was concentrated in that one spot, 
where every intellectual influence played upon and refined 
every other ; and as Athens represented the finest embodiment 
of ancient culture, so you would like Washington to represent 
your American ideals. You would like it to give by its external 
splendor a sort of esthetic education to the people. You would 
like it to be a model of other cities, a model which the capitals 
of the greater States may all seek to vie with, as most of these 
States have already imitated, in the construction of their State 
capitols, the Capitol at Washington. What you want is to have 
a city which every one who comes from Maine, Texas, Florida, 
Arkansas, or Oregon can admire as being something finer and 
more beautiful than he had ever dreamed of before; something 
which makes him even more proud to be an American; some- 

[39] 







■'v.^*^, ^]^f. -^Vv^ 






^ 1 lilW 





MAINE AVENUE 



thing which makes him wish to diffuse the same ideas of beauty- 
through his own State as he sees set forth in visible form here. 
(Applause.) 

You wish to have not only beautiful buildings, but you 
want to have everything else that makes the externals of life 
attractive and charming. You wish to have picture galleries. 
You wish to have museums. You have made advances in that 
direction already, for you have an admirable and constantly 
growing National Museum. You have the beginnings of a fine 
art gallery, and will doubtless add to it a national portrait 
gallery. You have admirable scientific institutions of many 
kinds, some of which will ultimately be housed in buildings finer 
than they have yet obtained. Some of the administrative de- 
partments of the government, especially the scientific depart- 




THE OCTAGON HOUSE 

[41] 




VIRGINIA AVENUE 



ments, are organized on a scale such as can hardly be found 
elsewhere. 

You need something more in the way of public halls ; per- 
haps one or two more could well be used besides those you 
possess. But you have some splendid new buildings; for in- 
stance, the new railway station, with its two long and noble 
halls, that yields only to the magnificence of the new Penn- 
sylvania station in New York. 

You have also the Pan American Building. That seems 



[42] 



to me to be one of the most finished and graceful, one of the 
most happily conceived and skilfully executed buildings that 
has been erected anywhere within the last 30 or 40 years. 

Let me add that there is one thing that is still wanting. 
There ought to be a great National American University in Wash- 
ington. Through no fault either of the professors or of our 
friend, Admiral Stockton, who presides with so much wise care 
over the George Washington University here, that institution has 
not received those funds and those buildings which are needed to 
make it worthy of the name it bears. This is rather a digres- 
sion, but I would like to say, as I have mentioned the university, 
that the suggestion that a great central university is needed 
does not by any means imply that such an institution should be 
managed by the nation through Congress, or should necessarily 
even receive from Congress the funds needed for its support. 
But you will all agree that a national capital ought to have a 
great university. It need not be of the same type as the great 
State universities, nor set itself to do all the things that are 
done in universities located in or near great cities. You have, 
for instance, no great industrial establishments here calling for 
a faculty of engineering or of other practical arts on such a 
scale as those universities must have, placed as they are, in 
great commercial centers. What seems most directly needed is 
a university dedicated to three kinds of study — to theoretic 
science, to the arts and the artistic side of life, and to what are 
called the "human studies" of a philological, historical, and 
political order. There is of course no reason why you should 
limit your aspirations; but the more immediate need in this 
city is not for an institution fitting men to enter upon any kind 
of technical work in manufacturing or mining or agricultural 
industry, but for something of a different type. You ought to 

[43 1 




THE SUMNER ELM — CAPITOL GROUNDS 



have a fully equipped school of law, a complete and well staffed 
school of political science and of economics, and therewith, 
also, a strong school of history. You have already in your 
government departments an unusually large number of eminent, 
industrious, and distmguished scientific men, who are one of 
the glories of Washington, and to match these you must also 
have a like galaxy of men pursuing those studies, such as his- 
tory, economics, philology, and law, which are the complement 
of scientific studies. Through the liberality of private bene- 
factors, with perhaps some aid from the national government, 
it will surely be found possible before long to carry out the 
great idea which the first President had when he urged that a 
university should be established in this city, which was the 
darling thought and hope of his old age. (Applause.) 

I have been invited by some of you to make a few sugges- 




CHESTNUT TREES NEAR THE MONUMENT 



[45 



tions as to some of the things that may be considered with a 
view to the beautification of Washington and the turning of its 
natural advantages to the best account. 

It is hardly necessary to observe that there ought to be 
some method of securing a measure of symmetry and harmony 
in buildings. The public buildings to be erected should not be 
planted haphazard. Each building ought to be placed with 
some reference to the others, so that they will form, if possible, 
a group together, and all go to make up a good general effect. 

In the same way, when laying out the streets, it is proper 
to consider the lines on which the streets may best be planned, 
so as to give the best scenic effect and so as to open up the best 
vistas. It is well to make some streets unusually wide, like 
1 6th street, and to turn them in such a way that they shall give 




'Where atillnas and solitude reign." — William Cowpet. 

[46] 



the best northwestern and western evening lights, and, if pos- 
sible, a little piece of landscape effect at the end. Nothing is 
more charming than to see a bit of green landscape — trees, or a 
grassy slope — at the end of a long street vista. There are some 
streets in the growing parts of Washington where that can be 
usefully done. 

I am far from suggesting that you should try to attain 
uniformity in your buildings, because uniformity usually ends 
in monotony. That can be seen in the buildings of Paris. 
When the city was largely rebuilt by Haussman in Louis Napo- 
leon's day, that error was committed. While many of the 
boulevards of that time are very handsome, one gets tired of 
the repetition of the same designs and structure over and over 
again. 

There is no doubt something almost grotesque in the 
manner in which private houses are placed side by side here 




' Where the com is, there is Jlrcadia." — John Burroughs. 



[47] 




' Where live nibbling sheep." — The Tempest, Act IV, Sc. I . 



in Washington — a large and handsome edifice, perhaps in the 
style of a French chateau, by the side of a mean little building 
of brick, or perhaps even of a wooden shack. A piece of 
castellated Romanesque in granite looks odd beside a colonial 
house in brick or stucco. Yet even this oddity is a better plan 
than the monotony of modern Paris or the far duller monotony 
of Harley street or Gower street in London. 

In considering the beautifying of streets, something should 
be done to take into account the possibilities in the little open 
space triangles that you have here in Washington at the inter- 
section of streets and avenues. They are very pleasant places 
in the summer because they are green; but surely more might 
be made in a decorative way of them. You need not perhaps 
put up any more statues, but treat these corners in some orna- 
mental fashion, so as to give them a greater landscape value 
than they have at present. 

Questions relating to the river and the Potomac Park con- 
stitute a very large subject. You have, since the low ground 
along the Potomac has been reclaimed, a magnificent open 
space, and you have running through it and spread out below 
it on both sides of the island a magnificent expanse of water 
that is perhaps the strongest feature in Washington itself for 
scenic purposes. 

A great deal will depend in the way in which that open 
space is treated; I am not competent to criticise the plan of 
the Mall or the Lincoln Memorial, which has been so amply and 
interestingly dealt with by Mr. Glenn Brown. 

Much thought ought to be given to the treatment of Poto- 
mac Park, on this side the river, and possibly to the ground on 
the other side also, if you ever gain power to control the other 
side, so as to produce the best scenic effects. I do not know 

r49i 




ROCK CREEK 



"A broad stream foaming over Us stony bed and wild leafy woods looking 
down on each side." — Bryce. 



whether any of you have been in Calcutta, but if so you will 
remember the only fine feature of that rather uninteresting city 
is the broad river and the very large, open grassy park which is 
called the Meidan, which borders on it. The river Hooghly 
and the Meidan redeem Calcutta. This park is a sort of huge 
Meidan for Washington. Ought not pains to be taken to plant 
groups of trees, some large groups and more small groups, so 
as to give fine combinations? One day these will grow to the 
size of old forest trees and the effect will be impressive. We 
must take thought for even the distant future, for we are trus- 
tees in this way for posterity, and we want posterity to think 
well of us. Perhaps, too, a wild growth of small shrubs and 
herbaceous wild flowers might be encouraged over parts at least 
of the space, so as to make it as much as possible like a great 
natural park. 

Then there is the question of Anacostia. Whenever you 
go to Anacostia you feel that an opportunity has so far been 
lost. That river or inlet, as one may call it, might be much 
more valuable for picturesque purposes than it is now. Part 
of it might be dammed up and reclaimed from the unlovely 
swamp that lies along the margin of the deeper water, and trees 
planted on the side, and something done to make it otherwise 
attractive, that it may be to southeastern Washington what the 
Potomac itself is to us at this end. 

All along on the other side of the Anacostia river you have 
very many fine sites. The hill behind Anacostia on the southeast 
gives superb views. Some of the finest general prospects of 
Washington are to be had from those hills on the other side of 
the Anacostia river. Such sites ought to be treated so as to get 
the greatest effect from them, so that any one looking across 
from this side will have a pleasing view presented. Small, 

[511 





VIEW FROM KLINGLE ROAD BRIDGE 




" The broken stream floiss on in silver light." — Robert Southey. 

mean shacks or little groups of hovels ought to be kept off of 
fine sites. To care for these things ought not to be set down 
to personal fastidiousness. We are not to suppose that in think- 
ing of the beauties of the city or country we are thinking of 
ourselves only, for beauty and ugliness have an effect upon the 
minds of all classes of residents. There are many places on 
the outskirts of this city which have become sordid and even 
hideous, owing to the habit of dumping refuse. It ought to be 
checked. I do not know what the powers of the District Com- 
missioners are, but if they have not sufficient power to stop that 
defacement of nature they ought to be given such power. I 
suppose this refuse could be burned, and if so it certainly should 
be burned, or perhaps buried, so it would not offend those who 
walk around the city and see the beauties of our environs. 



53] 



Take the whole of the valley of Rock Creek up as far as 
the Massachusetts Avenue bridge, and from that further up to 
the Connecticut Avenue bridge. Can there be anything more 
odious, and even loathsome, than the dumps on those slopes, 
which I can remember were even so lately as six years ago 
covered by picturesque trees and grass and wild shrubs? 

A reference to the Potomac leads me to speak of the 
splendid ridge of rocks forming the face of the hills on the 
Virginia side. They have been sadly cut into by quarries, spoil- 
ing the natural beauty of the rocks; but nature will one day 
repair those blemishes. Perhaps she will not do so within the 
lifetime of most of us, but in the course of years, with rain and 
frost and vegetation, lichens, moss, and grass. Nature will soften 
the harshness of the rocks where the stone has been taken away, 
and you will again have picturesque cliffs along the banks of 
the Potomac, with the tall trees lifting their plumage into the 
sky behind. Those are very valuable elements in our Wash- 
ington landscape. 

I have three small suggestions to make, which I make 
with diffidence, because many of you have, no doubt, thought 
of the same matters and may have arrived at other conclusions. 

One is that it is desirable if possible to stop any further 
quarrying on the Potomac cliffs and to preserve the trees on the 
top of those cliffs on the Virginia side, and to make a good 
path, a walking path or riding path, or possibly a not too 
obtrusive driving road, along the top, looking down onto the 
river, from which you could get fine prospects. The road 
might be kept a little back, so as not to be conspicuous from 
below. 

A second suggestion is that on the north side of the 
Potomac it might be desirable to make a short driving road by 

[54] 




Where the water splashes over ridges of rock and twists round huge boulders. " — Bryce. 

continuing the road in Georgetown from where the station of the 
electric traction line is, along to the point where you approach 
the water works, and where the road comes up from below to 
the water works on the Great Falls road. The hill there is very 
pretty, and it would be better if the ugly shacks that deface it 
in part were cleared away. A road there would give a better 
approach to the Reservoir road from Georgetown than that 
at the foot of the hill and would give a pleasing prospect over 
the river and beyond it to the woods on the Virginia side. 

All the slope on this side of the river from that point up 
deserves careful treatment. There are many beautiful sites, 
and if the ground is cut up for rows of small, mean houses, 
and treated without any care, a good many possibilities of 
beauty will be lost. The land falls in pretty slopes, and if the 



[55] 




^t^^iSk 



There are places where the creek is deep and stagnant, with sandy pools. " — Bryce. 



wooded hills which run up from the river levels to the mass of 
woodland south and west of the buildings now called "The 
American University," on the Ridge road, to the pretty little 
parallel valleys that come down through these slopes, could be 
kept in their natural state, so much the better. If they cannot 
be kept in their natural state, at any rate let them be treated 
in such a way as not to destroy what scenic beauty there is on 
that side of the river. 

A third remark may be added. Two good roads are 
much needed to run across from the line of the Tennallytown 
and Rockville road to the eastern Baltimore road which passes 
Bladensburg. One of these might run on the city side of the 
Soldiers' Home and the other about a mile farther out toward 
the District line. They might be well planted with trees, as 

[56] 



Massachusetts avenue now is, and make pretty as well as serv- 
iceable boulevards covering a large arc of the circle of the city. 

That leads me to observe that it is becoming important 
to preserve the few best general views over Washington. Per- 
haps the finest of all is from Arlington. Those who know the 
Ridge road, already referred to, and the so-called American 
University know the road that comes down as a prolongation 
of the Ridge road all the way to behind the west end of George- 
town, northwest of the Georgetown University. There are 
several charming points of view on that road toward its southern 
end, points from which you see over the city and 1 5 or 20 miles 
or more into Maryland and Virginia. These are among the 
most beautiful views around Washington, and it would be very 
easy to spoil those views by putting up rows of houses which 
would make it impossible to see them from the road. 

May I mention another point of view that is now threat- 
ened and perhaps almost gone? You all know the spot at 
which Wisconsin avenue (up which the cars run to Tennally- 
town and the District line) intersects Massachusetts avenue^ 
which has now been extended beyond that intersection into the 
country. At that point of intersection, just opposite where the 
Episcopal Cathedral is to stand, there is one spot commanding 
what is one of the most beautiful general views of Washington. 
You look down upon the city, you see its most striking build- 
ings — the Capitol, the Library, State, War, and Navy Depart- 
ment, and the Post-Office and other high buildings along Penn- 
sylvania avenue — and beyond them you see the great silvery 
flood of the Potomac and the soft lines fading away in dim 
outline in the far southeast. It is a delightful and inspiring 
view. It is a view that reminds one of some of those ample 
orospects over Rome which the traveler is able to obtain from. 

[57] 




THE BRIDGE ON THE MILITARY ROAD 



St. Peter Montorio, on the Tuscan side of the Tiber, or from 
Monte Mario. 

All that piece of land is being now cut up, and according 
to present appearances houses will be built there immediately, 
and after two years nobody will ever see that view again 
except from the tower of the cathedral when erected. Can it 
be saved? 

There may be other views of Washington that are as good, 
but there is none better. It is a view that speaks not only to 
the eye, but to the imagination also. The top of the slope 
ought to have been turned into a public park, and the houses 
below kept at such a height that if they were to be built they 
would not obstruct the view from above. 

Of course it is to be regretted that all of that piece of 
land on both sides of Massachusetts avenue and especially the 
part between Massachusetts and Connecticut avenues, was not 
kept for the Washington of the future. It is one of the saddest 
things we have seen, the way in which that beautiful bit of 
woodland country between Massachusetts avenue and Connec- 
ticut avenue, where some of us used to take our favorite recrea- 
tion under the leafy boughs, listening to the songs of the birds 
in spring and to the murmuring of the little brooks that purled 
down the hollows, to know that this tract has now been leveled, 
the tiny glens filled up and the brooks turned into subterranean 
drains. It will soon be covered with villas or rows of dwellings, 
and 30 years hence no one will know how charming that side 
of Washington was. 

From these vain regrets let me turn to say something more 
about Rock Creek, where there is still time to save beauties that 
are threatened. To Rock Creek there is nothing comparable 
in any capital city of Europe. What city in the world is there 

[59] 



Art. .^«L 




■ROSEDALE." built in 1746 




THE "HIGHLANDS." WISCONSIN AVENUE 

where a man living in a house like that in which we are meeting, 
in 1 8th street, can within less than 1 minutes by car and within 
a quarter of an hour on his own feet get into a beautiful rocky 
glen, such as you would find in the woods of Maine or Scotland 
— a winding, rocky glen, with a broad stream foaming over its 
stony bed and wild leafy woods looking down on each side, 
where you not only have a carriage road at the bottom, but 
an inexhaustible variety of footpaths, where you can force your 
way through thickets and test your physical ability in climbing 
up and down steep slopes, and in places scaling the faces of 
bold cliffs, all that you have in Rock Creek Park. And yet I am 
told that a good deal of the land behind Rock Creek Park is 
being sold for building purposes. The beauty of a portion of 
the park has already been spoiled at the place where the 



61 



Mt. Pleasant road goes down into the park toward Pierce's Mill, 
by the erection of a row of not too beautiful houses. A great 
deal of the land which lies northwest of Rock Creek Park, 
toward Connecticut avenue, does not belong to the District, I 
understand. 

Yet it is quite essential to the beauty of Rock Creek Park 
that that tract of charming woodland should not be built upon. 
The builder has been stealing steadily forward to the edge of 
the park. Before long much of this tract will be covered 
with buildings. There is still time to stop that. There is still 
time to see that all that is not yet touched by buildings — at 
least that land between Connecticut avenue and Rock Creek, 
on the one side, and between Rock Creek and the continuation of 
Georgia avenue, toward Silver Spring, on the other — and, above 



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MONTPELIER." IN THE MARYLAND SUBURBS 

[62] 




ON THE OLD RIVER ROAD 



all, to see to it that the valley of the creek itself, which is now 
thickly wooded, shall be kept forever as a part of the Rock 
Creek Park. 

I should like to go even further — although perhaps I am 
indulging in aspirations and not sufficiently thinking of appro- 
priations — and consecrate the whole of Rock Creek valley for 
10 or 12 miles above Washington to the public. It is a very 
beautiful valley. If you will take the Chevy Chase car until it 
crosses Rock Creek and then follow the creek up toward the 
west for a few miles, and then turn back to the car line afore- 
said and follow the creek down the whole way till you strike 
the Military road, below Fort Stevens, you will pass through a 
variety of river and woodland scenery which it is extraordinary 
to find so close to a great city. Along one part of the stream 



[63] 




"CLEAN DRINKING MANOR, BUILT IN 1750 

there are places where the creek is deep and stagnant, with 
sandy pools; at other places the water runs swiftly, and there 
are ripples in the stream and many tiny cascades, where the 
water splashes over ridges of rock and twists round huge 
boulders. You will find an endless variety of beauty. Some 
day or other such a piece of scenery will be of infinite value 
to the people of Washington, who want to refresh their souls 
with the charms of Nature. All along the creek they will see 
a great many water-loving birds — kingfishers and ousels and 
others too numerous to mention. All along the slopes and in 
the meadows by the stream they can find a great many beautiful 
wild flowers. I have found some quite uncommon and most 
lovely wild flowers growing there in the spring. There are leafy 
glades where a man can go and lie down on a bed of leaves 



[64] 




ON THE CONDUIT ROAD 



and listen for hours to the birds singing and forget there is such 
a place as Washington and such a thing as politics within eight 
miles of him. 

These things you have now still left, though daily threat- 
ened, and what a pity it would be to lose them! At this 
moment the value of the outlying land I have referred to would 
not be very high. A good deal of it is not very suitable for 
buildings. A good deal of it is not used to any extent for 
agriculture. 

While on that subject I would like to refer to still another 
matter which has been mooted by those who are interested in 
public parks. It has found some favor in Baltimore and de- 
serves to find favor here. That is the creation of a large forest 
reserve between Washington and Baltimore, within, say, 25 



65 




IN ROCK CREEK PARK 



miles of this city. There are lovely pieces of woodland on the 
Maryland side of the Potomac, behind Cabin John Bridge and 
above Cabin John, running along toward the neighborhood of 
Rockville. There is not much heavy timber, so the woods, 
though very pretty, cannot be of much pecuniary value. The 
land is not very valuable for agricultural purposes, or it would 
have been turned into cultivation. So far as appears, nothing 
has been done or is being done with the land to make much 
profit out of it. There are many other pieces of woodland 
of great beauty farther to the northeast and east. Most if 
not all of those woods could be bought at moderate prices. 
They could be managed so as to bring in a revenue which would 
with good forestry methods perhaps return a profit, or at any 
rate pay the cost of administration. What a thing it would be 



[66] 



for the people of Baltimore and Washington to have an immense 
open space like that, where they could go out on Saturdays 
and Sundays, especially in the summer months; where they 
could wander about, have their picnic parties, and enjoy these 
pleasures of nature, which are the simplest and purest that God 
has bestowed upon his creatures the capacity of enjoying. 

Now, ladies and gentlemen, you may say this is all very 
fine and pretty, but where are the funds to come from? Well, 
considering that the District of Columbia is Uncle Sam's prop- 
erty, and that his purse is a deep one, and that a wide-open 
region for recreation will become more and more valuable, and 
the obtaming it more and more costly as time goes on, what 
you have got to do is to educate public opinion and induce 
Congress to spend a moderate sum for this purpose, while the 
people of Baltimore induce their city and the State of Maryland 
to do the like. No people is really more idealistic than the 
American people, and if you once get hold of their imagination 
and appeal to their sense of the ideal, they will respond. 

You probably remember the old tale — I will not call it a 
threadbare story, but a time-honored story — of the sibyl who 
came to King Tarquin with nine books of prophecies to sell, 
and how when she named their price the king said it was too 
much. She went away and burned three of the books and 
came back, and still the king said the price was too much, and 
she went away and burned three more and came back with 
only three books and asked him to buy those, and then the king 
perceived there was more in the matter than he had supposed 
and gave her the price for the three that she had originally 
asked for the nine and regretted that the other six had been 
destroyed. Those three contained predictions and warnings 
which made the greatness of Rome. Who can tell how much 

[671 




BROOK NEAR CHAIN BRIDGE 



N 



longer the Roman Empire would have lasted if Tarquin had 
bought the whole nine. 

So some day the people are going to set the true value 
upon all these things — these spots of beauty around Washington 
and all the tract behind the Rock Creek valley and these wood- 
lands I have spoken of. When that day comes one of two 
things will happen : Those who come after you will either have 
to pay far more for these pieces of ground than would have to 
be paid now, or else men will mourn in vain over opportunities 
of enjoyment forever lost. This is the favorable moment. 
The value of land near this great and growing city is rising 
every day. If you can but convince those who hold the purse- 
strings, it will be good business to buy now and dedicate to the 
public for all time to come. 



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' IVoodsy and toild and lonesome.' --]. G. Whiltier. 



69 



The trouble has been with you that you have not been 
sufficiently hopeful in those past years during which wealth and 
population were growing all through the 1 9th century. It may 
seem strange to say so to an American audience, because you 
are supposed, and rightly, to be the most sanguine of peoples. 
Nevertheless, you have never sufficiently foreseen how enor- 
mously rich and populous a nation you are going to be. 

I read lately a book in which an European traveller de- 
scribed the site of Washington as it was in 1 795. He said it 
consisted of woods, through which he could not find his way 
from the village of Georgetown to the spot where now stands 
the Capitol. Just think what has been done since that time! 
Look at the pace at which your city has been growing. Within 
the last six years it seems to me it has extended itself half a 
mile further into the country in every direction, covering what 
were then fields and woods with streets and squares. 

As the result of the amazing growth of the United States 
you are going to have an enormous capital, even if it has no 
large industries. We made the mistake in London of not fore- 
seeing how London would grow. When we began 80 years 
ago to build railway stations we made little tiny stations, not 
realizing that the country and with it London were going to 
grow enormously, and that far more space would be needed 
for our increased traffic. It seems strange now that every man 
of sense did not foresee this growth and the need for preparing 
to meet it. 

People ought to have realized 80 years ago what the 
progress of modern science was certain to achieve, what rail- 
roads were going to become, what larger facilities for trans- 
portation were sure to be required, how coal and steam power 
were going to increase wealth and industry, and how population 

r/oi 




"Murmuring through pleasant nooks." — J. R. Lowell. 

would multiply. Whether any European countries will continue 
to grow as fast in the future as Britain and Germany have grown 
during the past 80 years, I will not venture to conjecture; but 
about the continuing increase of wealth and population here in 
the United States there can be no doubt at all. 

That increase seems destined to continue here for at least 
a century and a half or two centuries to come, and at the end 
of that time no one can tell what your population may have 
become. That is the reason why you should think about these 
things now and make your preparations for the future. The 
only man who seems to have foreseen the greatness of this 
city, so far as I can learn, was George Washington himself. 
Although he died before Louisiana was purchased and long 
before you acquired territory on the Pacific coast, he appears to 



[71] 




He who marvels at the beauty of the world in summer will find equal cause for admiration in winter. " 

— John Burroughs^ 



have realized that this was going to be an enormous country 
and ought to have a grand capital, and you ought to go back 
to his ideals and render the greatest tribute you can render to 
his immortal memory. 

What you have got to do is to make the nation feel that 
it has a real living interest in Washington. Make the man 
from Maine and from Minnesota and from Florida feel that 
Washington belongs to him. It is not those only who live here 
in Washington that are the owners of Washington, but these 
men also who dwell all over the country. Many of them, and 
all their representatives, come here every year, and as they 
are proud of the nation they ought also to feel proud of their 
nation's capital. 

That may seem a large task for you to undertake, but you 
will address yourselves to it, and I cannot doubt that you will 
succeed, and I wish I could hope to be still here to witness your 
success. 

Having lived in this city among you with so much hap- 
piness and enjoyment during the past six years, it is with deep 
regret that my wife and I are now preparing to depart from 
you. But, remembering the unceasing and unvarying kindness 
we have received from all of you here in Washington, we shall 
recall those six years with constant pleasure, continuing to 
cherish the recollection of our Washington friends, and our 
hopes and wishes will always be with those who are striving to 
make Washington beautiful, and a capital worthy of the majesty 
of this mighty nation. 



[73] 




'/ wonder if the snow loves the trees and fields, that it kisses them so gently." — Lewis Canoll 




LYONS MILL VALLEY 




CANAL LOCK AT GREAT FALLS 



COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDRED ON THE 

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF 

WASHINGTON 




LOCK NEAR CABIN JOHN 




BROADWATER ON THE CANAL 



The Committee of One Hundred on the Future De- 
velopment OF Washington was organized under the aus- 
pices of the Washington Chamber of Commerce, but its mem- 
bership is not limited to members of that body. Its main 
object is the development of the Nation's Capital along the 
lines of the plan approved by George Washington and, later, 
expanded by the Park Commission. The Committee regards 
as imperative the official adoption of a comprehensive plan 
and, as no less imperative, the conformity of all individual 
improvements to that plan. It welcomes and seeks to advance 
all projects that conduce to the seemly improvement of the 
city and to the welfare of its inhabitants. In its work the 
Committee has the effective support of a large number of 
Commercial, Civic, and Art Societies throughout the United 
States. 

[79 1 




A pleasant nook in a pleasant land." — R. W. Emerson. 



THE COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDRED 
ON THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF WASHINGTON. 



Glenn Brown, 

Chairman 

Wm. E. Shannon, 

Vice- Chairman 

Thos. Grant, 

Secretary 

Milton E. Ailes 

John Barrett 

Chas. J. Bell 

Ira E. Bennett 

Emil Berliner 

Ernest Bicknell 

Miss Mabel Boardman 

William W. Bride 

Chapin Brown 

D. J. Callahan 
C. C. Calhoun 

Dr. Mitchell Carroll 
Frank G. Carpenter 
Wm. McK. Clayton 
Fred G. Coldren 
C. I. Corby 

Andrew Wright Crawford 
C. Grosvenor Dawe 
Leon E. Dessez 
John Dolph 

E. H. Droop 
John Joy Edson 
Dwight L. Elmendorf 
Fred A. Emery 
Wm. Phelps Eno 
Wm. John Eynon 
W. W. Finley 

W. T. Galliher 
Julius Garfinkle 
Cass Gilbert 



Col. F. C. Goldsborough 

E. C. Graham 
Gilbert H. Grosvenor 
Wm. F. Gude 

Rt. Rev. Alfred Harding 
Col. Chester Harding 
Walter S. Harban 

F. J. Haskin 
Geo. W. Harris 
Rev. J. J. Himmel 
Wm. D. Hoover 
Archibald Hopkins 
Mrs. Archibald Hopkins 
Hennen Jennings 
General John A. Johnston 
Col. W. V. Judson 
Louis Kann 

John B. Lamer 

John C. Letts 

Francis E. Leupp 

Isaac F. Marcoson 

Hon. H. B. F. Macfarland 

J. Rush Marshall 

John G McGrath 

Dr. James Dudley Morgan 

Chas. R. Millet 

Miss Leila Mechlin 

E. P. Merlz 

Theodore W. Noyes 

Chas. D. Norton 

Frank B. Noyes 

Robert Lincoln O'Brien 

Captain James F. Oyster 

J. C. O'Laughlin 

Thomas Nelson Page 



Arthur Jeffrey Parsons 
Hon. Henry Kirke Porter 
John Poole 

Rev. Dr. Wallace Radcliffe 
Dr. Chas. W. Richardson 
Mrs. Chas. W. Richardson 

A. G. Robinson 

Hon. Cuno H. Rudolph 

Rt. Rev. Monsignor W. T. Russell 

B. F. Saul 
Montgomery Schuyler 

Rt. Rev. Mgr.Thos. Shahan, D.D. 

Mrs. W. Cummings Story 

Dr. James Brown Scott 

Dr. Frank Sewell 

James Sharp 

Rabbi Abram Simon, Ph. D. 

Emmons S. Smith 

W. J. Starr 

Hon. Wendell Phillips Stafford 

Edw. J. Stellwagen 

Rear Admiral Chas. B. Stockton 

Frank Sutton 

Samuel Walter Taylor 

George Oakley Totten 

Rev. John Van Schaick, Jr. 

Mrs. Herbert Wadswotth 

Dr. Chas. D. Walcott 

F. A. Walker 

Richard B. Watrous 

John L. Weaver 

Rev. W. R. Wedderspoon 

Geo. W. White 

Mrs. S. A. Willis 

A. S. Worthington 



DEC II ISIS 



1 98 



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